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  <div class="section" id="module-bz2">
<span id="bz2-support-for-bzip2-compression"></span><h1>13.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2</span></tt></a> &#8212; Support for <strong class="program">bzip2</strong> compression<a class="headerlink" href="#module-bz2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This module provides a comprehensive interface for compressing and
decompressing data using the bzip2 compression algorithm.</p>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2</span></tt></a> module contains:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.open" title="bz2.open"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a> function and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> class for reading and
writing compressed files.</li>
<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></tt></a> classes for
incremental (de)compression.</li>
<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">compress()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></tt></a> functions for one-shot
(de)compression.</li>
</ul>
<p>All of the classes in this module may safely be accessed from multiple threads.</p>
<div class="section" id="de-compression-of-files">
<h2>13.3.1. (De)compression of files<a class="headerlink" href="#de-compression-of-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="bz2.open">
<tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">open</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>mode='r'</em>, <em>compresslevel=9</em>, <em>encoding=None</em>, <em>errors=None</em>, <em>newline=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open a bzip2-compressed file in binary or text mode, returning a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><em class="xref std std-term">file
object</em></a>.</p>
<p>As with the constructor for <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a>, the <em>filename</em> argument can be
an actual filename (a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#bytes" title="bytes"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">bytes</span></tt></a> object), or an existing
file object to read from or write to.</p>
<p>The <em>mode</em> argument can be any of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'xb'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'ab'</span></tt> for binary mode, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'rt'</span></tt>,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'wt'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'xt'</span></tt>, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'at'</span></tt> for text mode. The default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The <em>compresslevel</em> argument is an integer from 1 to 9, as for the
<a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> constructor.</p>
<p>For binary mode, this function is equivalent to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a>
constructor: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File(filename,</span> <span class="pre">mode,</span> <span class="pre">compresslevel=compresslevel)</span></tt>. In
this case, the <em>encoding</em>, <em>errors</em> and <em>newline</em> arguments must not be
provided.</p>
<p>For text mode, a <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> object is created, and wrapped in an
<a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.TextIOWrapper" title="io.TextIOWrapper"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">io.TextIOWrapper</span></tt></a> instance with the specified encoding, error
handling behavior, and line ending(s).</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></tt> (exclusive creation) mode was added.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2File">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">BZ2File</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>mode='r'</em>, <em>buffering=None</em>, <em>compresslevel=9</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open a bzip2-compressed file in binary mode.</p>
<p>If <em>filename</em> is a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#str" title="str"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#bytes" title="bytes"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">bytes</span></tt></a> object, open the named file
directly. Otherwise, <em>filename</em> should be a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><em class="xref std std-term">file object</em></a>, which will
be used to read or write the compressed data.</p>
<p>The <em>mode</em> argument can be either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></tt> for reading (default), <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></tt> for
overwriting, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></tt> for exclusive creation, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></tt> for appending. These
can equivalently be given as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'wb'</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'xb'</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'ab'</span></tt>
respectively.</p>
<p>If <em>filename</em> is a file object (rather than an actual file name), a mode of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></tt> does not truncate the file, and is instead equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The <em>buffering</em> argument is ignored. Its use is deprecated.</p>
<p>If <em>mode</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'w'</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></tt>, <em>compresslevel</em> can be a number between
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt> specifying the level of compression: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> produces the
least compression, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt> (default) produces the most compression.</p>
<p>If <em>mode</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'r'</span></tt>, the input file may be the concatenation of multiple
compressed streams.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> provides all of the members specified by the
<a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.BufferedIOBase" title="io.BufferedIOBase"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">io.BufferedIOBase</span></tt></a>, except for <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">detach()</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">truncate()</span></tt>.
Iteration and the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><tt class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></tt></a> statement are supported.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> also provides the following method:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2File.peek">
<tt class="descname">peek</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>n</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2File.peek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return buffered data without advancing the file position. At least one
byte of data will be returned (unless at EOF). The exact number of bytes
returned is unspecified.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">While calling <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File.peek" title="bz2.BZ2File.peek"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">peek()</span></tt></a> does not change the file position of
the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a>, it may change the position of the underlying file
object (e.g. if the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a> was constructed by passing a file
object for <em>filename</em>).</p>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.1: </span>Support for the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><tt class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">with</span></tt></a> statement was added.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>The <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readable()</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">seekable()</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">writable()</span></tt>,
<tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">read1()</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readinto()</span></tt> methods were added.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Support was added for <em>filename</em> being a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><em class="xref std std-term">file object</em></a> instead of an
actual filename.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'a'</span></tt> (append) mode was added, along with support for reading
multi-stream files.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></tt> (exclusive creation) mode was added.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="incremental-de-compression">
<h2>13.3.2. Incremental (de)compression<a class="headerlink" href="#incremental-de-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">BZ2Compressor</tt><big>(</big><em>compresslevel=9</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new compressor object. This object may be used to compress data
incrementally. For one-shot compression, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.compress" title="bz2.compress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">compress()</span></tt></a> function
instead.</p>
<p><em>compresslevel</em>, if given, must be a number between <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>. The
default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor.compress">
<tt class="descname">compress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.compress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Provide data to the compressor object. Returns a chunk of compressed data
if possible, or an empty byte string otherwise.</p>
<p>When you have finished providing data to the compressor, call the
<a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">flush()</span></tt></a> method to finish the compression process.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="method">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush">
<tt class="descname">flush</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor.flush" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Finish the compression process. Returns the compressed data left in
internal buffers.</p>
<p>The compressor object may not be used after this method has been called.</p>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

<dl class="class">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">BZ2Decompressor</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new decompressor object. This object may be used to decompress data
incrementally. For one-shot compression, use the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></tt></a> function
instead.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This class does not transparently handle inputs containing multiple
compressed streams, unlike <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.decompress" title="bz2.decompress"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">decompress()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2File" title="bz2.BZ2File"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2File</span></tt></a>. If
you need to decompress a multi-stream input with <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></tt></a>,
you must use a new decompressor for each stream.</p>
</div>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress">
<tt class="descname">decompress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor.decompress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Provide data to the decompressor object. Returns a chunk of decompressed
data if possible, or an empty byte string otherwise.</p>
<p>Attempting to decompress data after the end of the current stream is
reached raises an <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></tt></a>. If any data is found after the end of
the stream, it is ignored and saved in the <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor.unused_data" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor.unused_data"><tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">unused_data</span></tt></a> attribute.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor.eof">
<tt class="descname">eof</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor.eof" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> if the end-of-stream marker has been reached.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.3.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="bz2.BZ2Decompressor.unused_data">
<tt class="descname">unused_data</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor.unused_data" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Data found after the end of the compressed stream.</p>
<p>If this attribute is accessed before the end of the stream has been
reached, its value will be <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">b''</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="one-shot-de-compression">
<h2>13.3.3. One-shot (de)compression<a class="headerlink" href="#one-shot-de-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="bz2.compress">
<tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">compress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em>, <em>compresslevel=9</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.compress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Compress <em>data</em>.</p>
<p><em>compresslevel</em>, if given, must be a number between <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>. The
default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">9</span></tt>.</p>
<p>For incremental compression, use a <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Compressor" title="bz2.BZ2Compressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Compressor</span></tt></a> instead.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="bz2.decompress">
<tt class="descclassname">bz2.</tt><tt class="descname">decompress</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bz2.decompress" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decompress <em>data</em>.</p>
<p>If <em>data</em> is the concatenation of multiple compressed streams, decompress
all of the streams.</p>
<p>For incremental decompression, use a <a class="reference internal" href="#bz2.BZ2Decompressor" title="bz2.BZ2Decompressor"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BZ2Decompressor</span></tt></a> instead.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Support for multi-stream inputs was added.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>


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  <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">13.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bz2</span></tt> &#8212; Support for <strong class="program">bzip2</strong> compression</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#de-compression-of-files">13.3.1. (De)compression of files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#incremental-de-compression">13.3.2. Incremental (de)compression</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#one-shot-de-compression">13.3.3. One-shot (de)compression</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

  <h4>Previous topic</h4>
  <p class="topless"><a href="gzip.html"
                        title="previous chapter">13.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gzip</span></tt> &#8212; Support for <strong class="program">gzip</strong> files</a></p>
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